This course will take you from zero to hero of the following orthodontic topics: Orthodontic management of hypodontia; Orthodontic management of supernumerary teeth; Diagnosis and management of abnormal frenulum attachments; Early detection and treatment of eruption problems.
Here are the main headlines that this course covers:
Orthodontic management of hypodontia
1. Definitions
2. Etiology
2.1 Genetic factors
2.2 Environmental factors:
Allergy
Facial trauma
Maternal medications during pregnancy
Endocrine disturbances
Maternal health during pregnancy
Maternal rubella (German measles) during pregnancy
Evolutionary dental changes
Localized inflammation and infection during the initial stage of tooth formation
Systemic conditions (rickets, syphilis)
Dysplastic syndromes (ectodermal dysplasia) and abnormalities of the ectodermal structures (discussed later in this chapter)
Chemotherapy and irradiation
2.3 Association of Hypodontia with Dental Anomalies
3. Effects of hypodontia on occlusion
4. Treatment
4.1 Management of Missing Lateral Incisors
4.2 Management of Missing Mandibular Second Premolars
Space opening
Space closure
Orthodontic management of supernumerary teeth
1. Prevalence
2. Etiology
3. Odontoma
4. Dentigerous Cyst
5. Classification of Supernumerary Teeth
6. Ectopic Eruption of Supernumerary Teeth
7. Late Development of Supernumerary Teeth
8. Effect of Hyperdontia on Occlusion
9. Management
9.1 Early detection and removal
9.2 Early detection and observation
9.3 Late detection and management
9.4 Late development of new supernumerary teeth
Diagnosis and management of abnormal frenulum attachments
1. Prevalence
2. Etiology of Midline Diastema
2.1 Lateral incisor hypodontia
2.2 Microdontia of maxillary lateral incisors (peg-shaped lateral incisors)
2.3 Presence of mesiodens or odontoma
2.4 Deleterious oral habits
2.5 Muscle imbalance (lip dysfunction)
2.6 Impinging deep bite
2.7 Anterior Bolton discrepancy
2.8 Pathologic tooth migration
3. Effects of Abnormal Frenum Attachment on Occlusion
4. Differential Diagnosis of Abnormal Frenum
5. Clinical and radiographic signs of true abnormal frenum
6. Management in adults
7. Early treatment procedures
8. Management during the primary dentition
9. Management in infants
10. Frenectomy procedure
11. Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie)
Early detection and treatment of eruption problems
1. Phases of Tooth Eruption
2. Mechanisms of Eruptive Tooth Movement
3. Permanent teeth eruption
- Factors That Can Disturb Tooth Eruption
4.Types of Eruption Disturbance
4.1 Disruptions in timing
• Delayed tooth eruption
- Etiology
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
• Early exfoliation of primary teeth and premature eruption of permanent teeth
- Etiology
• Failure of eruption (PFE and secondary failure of eruption)
- Etiology
- Treatment
• Retarded tooth development
• Abnormal sequence of eruption
- Eruption of the second molars before the premolars
- Eruption of the maxillary canines before the premolars
- Eruption of the mandibular first premolars before the canines
- Eruption of the maxillary canines before the first premolars
- Eruption of the maxillary second molars before the mandibular second molars
- Eruption of the maxillary lateral incisors before the central incisors
- Asymmetric eruption in the left and right sides of the arch
4.2 Disruptions in position are:
• Ectopic eruption
- Prevalence
- Etiology
- Treatment
- Distalization appliances
• Transposition
- Classification
- Incindence
- Etiology
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
• Impaction
Maxillary canine impactation
- Incidence
- Ethiology
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
Mandibular canine impactation
• Ankylosis
- Incidence
- Etiology
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
