Sterol are structural lipids present in the membranes of most eukaryotic cells studied. Then in protein integral protein peripheral protein are included. In lipid bilayer There are no covalent bonds between the lipids in the bilayer, the membrane is not a static structure but has fluidity after that cell signaling hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signaling through G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction, then in metabolic transport diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, active transport, passive transport.

Specific transport system like mechanosensitive channels, chemiosmotic driven transport, establishing ion gradients, ion transport and the phosphotransferase system and quorum sensing. Gating mechanism there are 2 models Lipid bilayer Tension or stretch model and Spring-like tether model.

Thus, This is the course description of membrane biology. In this course you have to learn about membrane biology in which cellular organization structure of model membrane lipid, lipid bilayer, membrane protein, membrane carbohydrate. Membranes form boundaries both around the cell (the plasma membrane) and around distinct subcellular compartments (e.g. nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, etc.). In lipid there is glycerophospholipids, phosphorylated head group, a three-carbon glycerol backbone and two hydrocarbon fatty acid chains. sphingolipids, a polar head group and two nonpolar tails, but unlike glycerophospholipids they contain no gycerol.